Reciprocating bobbin ring frame



April 23, 1935. w'cox RECIPROCATING BOBBIN RING FRAME Filed Feb. 4, 1930 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Aprifi 23, M35. w. cox

RECIPROCATING BOBBIN RING FRAME 5 Sheets-S'net 2 Filed Feb. 4, 1950 INV EN TOR.-

April 23, 1935. w. cox 1,998,981

I RECIPROGATING BOBBIN RING FRAME Filed Feb. 4, 1930 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR. m I 1%} W V :1 T ORNEY atented r. 23, 335

1,998,981 nscnraocsrrnc non nine ram Application February ll, 1939, Serial No. 425%? 15 Claims.

This invention relates to the art of spinning textiles.

It is well known that there are several methods of spinning including mule spinning, fiyer spinning, ring spinning and cap spinning. This has to do with what may be generally called frame spinning and twisting as distinguished from mule and flyer spinning.

In the art of ring spinning, each spindle is carried by a rail and each spindle revolves carrying with it a bobbin, cop or other carrier for the yarn package. It is therefore a drive spindle. Each spindle with its bobbin projects through the centre of a ring carried by a ring rail. On each ring is a traveller which is caused to move around the bobbin and the ring by the pull of the yarn as it is wound on the bobbin by the revolutions of the spindle. The ring rail moves up and down along the bobbin so that the yarn is wound thereon with any desired type of wind. There are various kinds of what are known as builder motions which give this ring rail an up and down movement either longer or shorter or varying according to the kind of package desired. .15 In a cap spinning frame, each spindle is carried by a fixed rail and at the top carries a cap which is also fixed. Such a spindle is a guide spindle.

There is movable up and down on the spindle, 3o a wharl fixed to a tube capable of sliding up and down on the spindle, such tube carrying a bobbin, cop or other similar foundation for a yarn package.

The spindles and caps do not move up and down :15 and do not revolve, but the wharl with the tube rests on what I will call a bobbin rail and the bobbins are caused to revolve and also to move up and down. The up and down or traverse movement is given the bobbin rail carrying the wharls,

I 4:) tubes and bobbins by any of the well known builder motionsjsuch for instance, as the Scaif e motion or the modification thereof shown in patent to Joseph Heaps on November 10, 1925, Patent No. 1,560,787 shown in the accompanying drawings. 45 The wharls and, therefore, the bobbins are caused to revolve by endless tapes which usually travel around what is known as a tin cylinder and provision is made whereby the up and down or builder motion and the revolving motion oo- 50 operate.

It has been proposed as in patent to Thomas Mayor No. 180,144, July 25, 1376 to use instead of the fixed spindle and cap, a spinning ring carried by a fixed rail, associated with a spindle 5 which is revolved by: a wharl and also moves up (El. Ills-=41) and down inside at the centre of the spinning ring. His bobbin is revoluble with and traverses with the spindle.

Mayor proposes as an alternative to use a stationary live spindle which revolves with the 5 bobbin, wharl and tube, but does not traverse and to have the ring move up and down or traverse with the center of the ring travelling along the axis of the spindle and bobbin.

\ There are two types of spindles. 10

One type may be called a driving spindle which revolves carrying with it a bobbin, cop or other foundation for a yarn package. This type usually tapers so that a bobbin can be forced on it and caused to revolve with the spindle by friction. 15

The other type is more properly a guide spindle.

It is generally fixed .in position and a bobbin carrier such as a tube with a wharl is caused to move up and down along the spindle. On this type, the bobbin revolves as it traverses on the 20 spindle, but the spindle does not revolve.

This type of spindle or that part of it where the bobbin carrier travels is cylindrical.

The better to understand my new method of spinning and twisting I will distinguish the two types of spindles as drive and guide spindles.

As just explained, on the usual ring spinning frame the spindle is of the drive type while on a cap frame it is of the guide type.

Mayor shows in both cases a drive spindle and in the device shown and described by Potter in his ring spinning machine patented December 29, 1925, No. 1,567,382, the spindle is of the drive type.

On the ring frame, the ring rail moves up and down building the yarn package on the bobbin and also in the second type of Mayor while in the first Mayor type and the Potter type the ring rail is stationary while the spindle with the bobbin moves up and down through the ring thus building the yarn package. 4

In the preferred type of my device I cause the revolving bobbin, spool or cop, to move up and down through the ring and at the same time cause the ring to move down, while the bobbin is moving up, and up while the bobbin is moving down, at all times keeping the center of the ring traveling along the axis of the bobbin and spindle.

Preferably-I use a guide spindle which neither travels nor revolves, but I might use a drive spindle similar to what is shown in Mayor and Potter 5 which moves up and down and turns with the bobbin, the 'ring rail and rings also moving as described in the last paragraph.

I also claim to be the first to use a stationary guide spindle upon which a bobbin, spool or cop 5 revolves and moves up and down through the center of a fixed ring carrying a traveller. This construction is the same as that of a cap spinning frame with the same kind of drive, but a fixed ring rail is used carrying rings and travellers in place of the fixed caps.

Advantages of my construction are that where a cap frame is speeded up beyond a certain point, there is such a vibration of the caps carried on the top of relatively long spindles that the work is very unsatisfactory.

Besides this, the bushing in the cap which fits it to the spindle limits the practical length .of the bobbin.

It is alsd' found that the yarn package can be built closer to the inside diameter of a ring than a cap.

This is because on a cap, the yarn goes around the outer edge and as the stock is about oneeighth thick, the bobbin can not be built beyond the inner edge, while with a ring, the traveller can ride close to its inside.

It is also found that with either a cap or ring frame there is, for any particular type of yarn a distance from the fly board, thread board or pot eye to the traveller or to the edge of the cap at which the best results are obtained. This may be called the normal distance and if there is a greater distance, the result is not as good while if there is a lesser distance, production is reduced.

This normal can be kept better with a cap frame where the cap rim does not move or with a stationary ring rail associated with a bobbin which moves up and down through it.

The ring is preferable to the cap because if the tension on the yarn is too strong, the ballooning yarn is pulled in towards the cap and if it strikes the cap, the yarn is injured, while with the ring, there is nothing to strike and no harm is done. If the yarn balloons freely and strikes the separators, it is not injured.

Besides this, the usual practical limit of the length of bobbins for cap frames is from three to five inches on the barrel and this limits the length of the bobbin while the inside diameter of the cap limits its diameter.

On the other hand, if a ring is located too far from the thread board, the tension on the yarn is so great, there is danger of breaking. With my double action frame, where the ring moves up and down perhaps five inches and the bobbin also moves up and down five inches, I can build a ten inch bobbin still keeping the ring within good working distance from the eye.

By using a ring and doing away with the cap and its bushing, a longenbobbin can be used and one with a greater diameter.

By the use of my preferred construction which includes a guide spindle on which a bobbin is caused to revolve and travel up and down on the spindle, I can increase the length of the bobbin barrel from five to ten inches or even twelve inches using a. vertical traverse of perhaps five inches and at the same time causing the ring rail and ring to traverse in the opposite direction from five to seven inches.

As the ring rail does not vibrate even at high speed and as the spindle is fixed in my preferred construction and is practically no longer than where a cap is used, the matter of vibration is not an element to be considered.

The space occupied at the top of the spindle by the cap is thus utilized by the use of a longer bobbin or spool and for these various reasons I can make a larger yarn' package.

I find by actual test that on the same frame and under the same conditions by using my ring and bobbin reciprocating action I can increase the size of a yarn package or filled bobbin from one to three ounces and even from two to four ounces and can increase the length of the bobbin from five to twelve inches.

By securing a larger package, the necessity of rewinding is largely done away with and the cost of the subsequent twisting operation is substantially reduced.

Moreover, instead of changing the distance from the pot eye to increase or decrease the drag and thereby make a tighter or looser wind, with a ring, I can accomplish the same thing by using a heavier or lighter traveller.

This system while mainly shown and useful on a remodeled cap spinning frame can be used on a twisting frame for twisting yarn and can be used not only for worsted but cotton, silk, rayon and other fibres.

I believe I am the first to use a revolving bobbin associated with a ring rail both of which move towards and from each other and that I am the first to use a bobbin revoluble on or with a spindle and slidable along the spindle associated with a ring rail either movable or stationary for spinning or twisting worsted, cotton or woolen yarn.

In my preferred construction wherein the bobbin and ring rail move in opposite directions, less power is required as one partly balances the other as they move.

My invention may be and is described broadly as a reciprocating bobbin ring frame.

By builder motion, I mean the compound motion by which the yarn is guided from the point of delivery, such as a guide eye or a pot eye in a fly board, around a guide such as a traveller on a ring, the rim of a cap, or the eye at the end of a flyer arm, to the revoluble means to receive and wind it, such as a bobbin, cop or spindle.

This builder motion may be merely a reciprocal motion or chase, sometimes called the traverse, which may be equal or unequal, and an advancing or receding motion sometimes known in the trade as the pick. Such motion may be given the ring, the bobbin or the spindle and bobbin 'by any suitable mechanism.

In the preferred type of my device, the chase and pick motions are both duplicated by the ring and by the bobbin.

In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic end elevation of the improved type of double action spinning frame, the ends being broken away and only the parts being shown which are necessary to understand the invention.

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic side elevation showing the feeding means, the means for revolving the bobbin carrier, the ring rail, the spindle rail and the spindle. In Fig. 2, the parts are shown as they are when starting to fill an empty bobbin.

Fig. 3 is a plan view showing part of the bobbin carrier driving mechanism such as is shown in elevation in Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is an elevation similar to Fig. 2 showing the position of the parts when the bobbin is substantially filled.

Figs. 5 and 6 are elevations showing difierent adjustments of the rocking levers.

Fig. 7 is an elevation of a spinning frame showing the relation of the parts and a builder motion of the Scaife type.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged elevation of a bobbin, bobbin holder, spindle and rails such as shown in Fig. 2, parts being shown in section.

Figs. 9 and 10 show other modified types of rail moving mechanism.

Fig. 11 is a horizontal section on line i 8-! I of Fig. 14.

Fig. 12 is an elevation showing part of the end of a spinning frame with another modification of the device.

Fig. 13 is a detail showing the construction of an adjustable stand for a rocking lever.

Fig. 14 is an enlarged elevation partly in vertical section of another modified type of bobbin carrier driving means.

Fig. 15 is an elevation showing another modification of the rocking or lifting levers.

Fig. 16 is a vertical sectional 'view showing a yarn package wound directly upon the bobbin carrier or core.

In Figs. 1 to 10', A represents the frame of a cap spinning frame which may have two rows of guide spindles such as C, C, such spindles being fixedly and rigidly supported by the usual stationary spindle rail B. As shown, each spindle C is fixed to the rail by a set screw to.

The usual delivery devices indicated altogether by D include the back rolls l-i, carrier rolls 2-2 and front rolls 3-3 together with a fly board or thread board l which carries for each spindle a pot eye 5 in line with the extended axis of the spindle whereby a textile strand such as K can be fed to the spindle and its associated parts.

F represents a movable bobbin rail or builder rail which is caused to move up and down in line with the axes of the spindles C, C in each row as by means of a builder motion such as M shown in Fig. 7.

Associated with each spindle C and slidable thereon is a bobbin carrier indicated by H comprising a tube of a size to make a running fit on its spindle C. Tube 20 carries a wharl 2i and rests on a suitable anti-friction washer such as 22. 4

G represents a bobbin with a head 38 and barrel 39 of a well known type having in the head a slot 33 which engages a projection 23 in carrier H whereby the bobbin and carrier turn together as they are raised and lowered by bobbin rail F.

The driving means L for the bobbins are of a well known type and include a tin cylinder 5@, take-up rolls 52 over which the endless bands 5! travel. As shown each band 5| passes around the wharls 2i2l of two bobbin carriers on one side and then passes across to the other side around other similar wharls and thence back. This is the well known bobbin drive mechanism now in common use on cap spinning frames. The builder motion M shown is a modification of the well known Scaife builder motion in common use on cap spinning frames and is the same as shown rail and at the other end 5, engaging a button 15 adjustable by means of a set screw 16 on lifter rod 12 for the ring rail.

As the lifter rods 62--62 are moved up and down by the builder motion such as the modified Scaife motion shown in Fig. '7 or by any other of the well known lifter motions, the weight of the ring rail or bobbin rail respectively transmitted through the rods 62 and 12 and buttons such as 65 and 15 to the ends of the rocking lever 8 causes the ring rail to move up when the bobbin rail moves down and to move down when the bobbin rail moves up.

As shown in Fig. 2, this brings the bobbin rail F nearest to ring rail 0 when F is at the high point and O is at the low point and as they gradually move away they assume the positions shown in Fig. 4. Preferably I use a lever such as 8 with pivot holes 5! whereby the relation between the two arms can be changed as by removing a pin such as i from the holes I! in stand I5 which includes a head i6, threaded shank l2 and the two nuts 83 and it whereby the height of pivot pin hole I! can be raised or lowered and whereby the whole stand Hi can be moved to the right or left by adjustment in a slot ii in fixed rail l0 forming part of frame A. See Fig. 13.

As shown in Fig. '7, the relation of what I may call the ring arm to the bobbin arm is as seven to five.

In other words, on the bobbin with a twelve inch shank the ring traverses seven inches while the bobbin itself moves five inches.

In Fig. 6 the arms are-shown as equal and in Fig. 5 the bobbin arm is shown as considerably longer than the ring rail arm.

This last construction is highly desirable in many cases because using the ordinary bobbin traverse of a regular cap spinning frame which might be five inches or six inches, the ring rail can be caused to traverse two inches or three inches whereby instead of a five inch or six inch yarn package one from seven inches to nine inches can be made without unduly increasing the distance from the fly board or the thread board to the traveller on the ring.

As shown the lifter rod buttons 65 and 15 can be adjusted by means of screws 66 and 76 in any desired positions according to the work in hand.

As shown in Fig. 6 button 15 can be so located that during considerable part of the traverse the ring rail is stationary but it can be brought into action during part only of the traverse.

It is obvious that button l5 could be moved up so that it would entirely clear lever B. The result of this would be that the ring rail would be stationary while the bobbin rail would move. This is shown in the dotted lines in Fig. 5.

I claim to be the first to provide the combination of a fixed guide spindle with a fixed ring rail and a bobbin which slides up and down on and revolves on such a fixed guide spindle.

As shown in Fig. 9, instead of a loose connection or relation between the lifter rods such as $2 and 12 and the rocking lever, I can use a lever such as 40 pivoted at il to stand I5 and also pivoted at 32 and 53 to the bottom ends respectively of rods 52 and i2.

By this construction, the up and down movements of the ring rail and the bobbin rail are positive in both directions.

On the other hand, as shown in Fig. 10, I can use, in connection with each rail and F, suitable adjustable stops such as indicated by M ous stops 45, 35 and buttons 65, 15, 69 and '19,-

almost any desired relative movements of the two rails F and O can be obtained.

As shown in Fig. 10, assuming that a positive action is given them, rods 62 can be arranged so as to pass through rail F which rests upon a series of buttons 69, 69, so that when dropped to the dotted position, rail F rests on stops M, 44. Each rod 62 continues downward operating lever B in such a way that when bobbin rail F ceases to move down, the other end of each lever 8 engages a button I on a rod 12 and lifts ring rail 0 from stops 45 thus producing what might be called a successive instead of a reciprocal builder motion for the bobbins.

In Figs. 11 and 14 I show another method by which a spindle such as 90 combines the function of a guide and drive spindle. This is shown as revoluble in bearings 9| and 92 by means of a wharl 93 and band 94 and also has a longitudinal groove 95 into which enters a key 96 extending inward from bobbin carrier 91.

The result of this is that the bobbin such as 98 revolves with the carrier 95 and as the bobbin rail 99 on which carrier 96 revolves moves up and down from the full to the dotted position, the bobbin and spindle both revolve while the ring rail 0 is traversing from the dotted to the full position, thus also producing a reciprocal builder motion.

A lever such as 8 or 43 can be used with a device of this character.

In Fig. 12, I show a modification of the con struction shown in patent to Potter, December 2'7, 1921, Ring spinning or twisting machine, No. 1,401,729.

In this construction, there is a fixed frame such as I05 and a movable frame 80! which carries not only the spindles but also the tin cylinder I92 from which there is a direct drive by means of a series of bands I03 onto the wharls I04, each'carried by a revoluble spindle such as I05.

Frame Hill with its parts including the spindles such as H05 are caused to move up and down by means of a gear I05 operating on a rack l5?! whereby the spindles move up and down between the dotted and full line positions through rings carried by a fixed rail.

Gear i136 corresponds with pinion 39 of the Potter Patent 1,401,729 and is caused to move by a builder motion of the same type used by Potter or by any other type such as the Scaife motion which produces a progressive traverse.

In addition to this, I provide a ring rail H0 which carries rings H! and which itself is carried by arms H2 fixed to a suitable frame M3 which is slidable up and down on suitable fixed guides i119 forming part of fixed frame H0.

As shown this frame i I3 includes a rack H4 which engages gear M6 and moves in the opposite direction to rack 101 thus producing the reciprocal building action such as shown and described in other views herein.

I do not limit myself to any particular method of causing reciprocal or other action as between the ring rail and the bobbin rail and in fact as shown in Fig. 15 I could use a lever such as i211 pivoted at [12! to frame A beyond a rod such as 62 instead of between it and a rod 12 whereby instead of reciprocal action between the ring rail and the bobbin rail, one, for instance the ring rail would traverse faster and farther than the bobbin rail or obviously the relation might be reversed.

It is obvious that the bobbin and the bobbin carrier as described might be cemented or otherwise fastened permanently or temporarily together or that they could be made integral, or yarn might be wound directly on the bobbin carrier as if it was a metal bobbin.

In Fig.'16 I show a guide spindle C, bobbin rail F and a bobbin carrier or member R which includes a wharl 85, head 87 and barrel 88 all integral. On this core R the yarn package P is built and by slipping off'the belt 5| from the, wharl the whole core with the yarn package can be removed and another can replace it.

The purpose in every case is to form a yarn package regardless of the character of the core.

In the claims, the words bobbin or bobbins therefore refer to a separable part of an assembly including a bobbin carrier and a bobbin or to the outside which may be a. wooden bobbin or to the inside which may be a metal bobbin.

I claim:

1. The combination in a yarn making device, of a frame; with a spindle rail fixed thereto; a plurality of guide spindles carried by the spindle rail; a bobbin rail movable along the axes of the spindles; a plurality of bobbin carriers movable with the bobbin rail, each bobbin carrier being slidable on a spindle; a builder motion including a plurality of bobbin rail rods which carry the bobbin rail back and forth, each bobbin rail rod having a button adjustable thereon; means to rotate each bobbin carrier; a ring rail which carries a plurality of rings each carrying a traveller the centre of each ring being on the axis of a bobbin carrier; ring rail carrying rods which support the ring rail and are vertically slidable, each rod .having a button adjustable thereon; means to feed a textile strand to the traveller and to a bobbin on a bobbin carrier from a point in line with the axis of the bobbin carrier; and a series of rocking levers each adjustable and adjustably pivoted to the frame so as to engage a button on a bobbin rail rod and another button on a ring rail rod.

2. The combination in a yarn making device, of a frame; with a spindle rail fixed thereto; a plurality of guide spindles carried by the spindle rail; a bobbin rail movable along the axes of the spindles; a plurality of bobbin carriers movable with the bobbin rail, each bobbin carrier being slidable on a spindle; a builder motion including a plurality of bobbin. rail rods which carry the bobbin rail back and forth, each bobbin rail rod having a button; means to rotate each bobbin carrier; a ring rail which carries a plurality of rings each carrying a traveller; ring rail carrying rods which support the ring rail and are vertically slidable, each rod having a button; means to feed a textile strand to the traveller and to a bobbin on a bobbin carrier from a point in line meager with the axis of the bobbin carrier; and a series of rocking levers each. pivoted to the frame so as to engage a button on a bobbin rail rod and another button on a ring rail rod.

3. The combination in a yarn making device, of a frame; with a spindle rail fixed'thereto; a guide spindle carried by the rail; a bobbin car-= rier slidable on the spindle; a bobbin carried thereby; means to slide the bobbin carrier and bobbin back and forth on the spindle; means to rotate the bobbin carrier; a ring rail which carries a ring and a traveller, the centre of said ring being on the axis of the bobbin carrier; means to move the ring rail and ring back and forth while the ring is centered on the axis of the bobbin carrier; and means to feed a textile strand to the traveller and to a bobbin on the bobbin carrier from a point in line with the axis of the bobbin.

4. The combination in a yarn making device, of a frame; with a spindle fixed thereto; a bobbin slidable on the spindle; means to slide the bobbin back and forth on the spindle; means to rotate the bobbin; a ring and a traveller the centre of said ring being on the axis of the bobbin; means to move the ring back and forth while the ring is centered on the axis of the bobbin; and means to feed a textile strand to the traveller and to the bobbin from a point in line with the axis of the bobbin.

5. The combination in a yarn making device, of a frame; with a ring carrying a traveller; a bobbin movable axially through the centre of the ring; means to move the ring and bobbin in opposite directions at the same time back and forth along the bobbin axis; and means to feed a textile strand to the traveller and to the bobbin from a point in line with the axis of the bobbin.

6. The process of winding a yarn package which consists of delivering a strand of fibre at a given fixed point and winding such strand on a bobbin which is revolving and which moves axially towards and away from the delivery point, said strand being guided on to the bobbin by means which is movable in a circular path around the axis of the bobbin and which also moves back and forth in the opposite direction at the same time and in a direction parallel with the axis of the bobbin.

7. In a spinning machine, having a frame and a bobbin rail movable by bobbin rail rods and a ring rail movable by ring rail rods; the combination of means to move one set of rods; with a series of rocking levers each adjustable and adjustably pivoted to the frame so that each lever engages a bobbin rail rod and ring rail rod.

8. In a spinning machine, having a frame and a bobbin rail movable by bobbin rail rods and a ring rail movable by ring rail rods; the combination of means to move one set of rods; with a series of rocking levers each adjustable and adjustably pivoted to the frame so that each lever engages an adjustable member on a bobbin rail rod and an adjustable member on a ring rail rod; and said adjustable members.

9. In a spinning machine, having a frame and a bobbin rail movable by bobbin rail rods and a ring rail movable by ring rail rods; the combination of means to move one set of rods; with aseries of levers each pivoted to the frame so that each lever engages a bobbin rail rod and a ring rail rod.

10. The combination in a yarn making device,

of a frame; with a spindle fixed thereto; a bobbin slidable on the spindle; means to slide the bobbin back and forth on the spindle; means to rotate the bobbin; a ring and a traveller the center of said ring being on the axis of the bobbin; means to move the ring back and forth while the ring is centered on the axis of the bobbin; and means to feed a textile strand to the traveller and to the bobbin from a fixed point in a line with the axis of the bobbin.

11. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a vertically movable ring rail having a plurality of rings thereon; a vertically movable rail carrying a plurality of yarn receiving and Winding bobbins; fixed guide eyes each located above a yarn receiving and Winding bobbin; and a. builder motion for, reciprocating the ring rail and at the same time reciprocating the other rail in an opposite direction to that of the ring rail along the axis of the bobbins.

12. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a vertically movable ring rail having a plurality of rings thereon; a vertically movable rail carrying a plurality of yarn receiving and winding bobbins; fixed guide eyes each located above the yarn receiving and winding bobbin; and a builder motion for reciprocating the ring rail and at the same time reciprocating the other rail in an opposite direction to that of the ring rail and which builder shifts the locus of reciprocation of both rails in opposite directions.

13. The combination in a machine of the character described of a movable ring rail; a movable spindle rail having a plurality of yarn receiving and winding bobbins; fixed guide eyes each located above the ring rail and above a yarn receiving and winding bobbin; means for reciprocating both the ring rail and spindle rail towards and away from each other along the axes of the bobbins; and means for shifting at the same time the locus of reciprocation of the ring rail upward and the locus of reciprocation of the spindle rail downward.

14. The combination in a machine of the character described of a ring rail, a spindle rail, means for reciprocating both the ring rail and the spindle rail towards and away from each other along the axes of the bobbins; and means for shifting the locus of reciprocation of the ring rail upward and the locus of reciprocation of the spindle rail downward. I

15. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a vertically movable ring rail having a plurality of rings thereon; a vertically movable rail carrying a plurality of yarn receiving and winding bobbins; fixed guide eyes each located above and substantially in line with the axis of a yarn receiving and winding bobbin; delivery rolls so positioned as to deliver a strand at an obtuse angle with said axis; and a builder motion for reciprocating the ring rail and at the same time reciprocating the other rail in an opposite direction to that of the ring rail along the axes of the bobbins.

WALTER COX. 

